英語中謂語的修飾語

簡單謂語，無論是動詞還是動詞短語，都只有狀語修飾詞。簡單謂語可以被副詞，副詞短語或從句，動詞不定式，副詞賓語，獨立主格，間接賓語和同根賓語修飾。

副詞，副詞短語和副詞從句

The landlord collects his rents {monthly. | on the first of every month. | when the first of the month comes.}
We left the hall {early. | before the last speech. | while the last speech was being delivered.}

在上述每個例句中，簡單謂語分別被括號內的副詞，副詞短語，及副詞從句修飾。修飾動詞的副詞短語可以由關系副詞或從屬連詞引導。

一、關系副詞

Our colonel was always found where the fighting was fiercest.
The prisoner has not been seen since he made his escape.

二、從屬連詞

Archer resigned because his health failed.
The town lies at the base of a lofty cliff so that it is sheltered from the north wind.

三、動詞不定式

可以用動詞不定式修飾簡單謂語。

The fire continued to burn.
The wind began to subside.
Kate began to weep bitterly.
That draughtsman seems to be remarkably skilful.

動詞不定式可以包括補足語或修飾詞，如最后2個例子。

四、副詞賓語

簡單謂語還可以用副詞賓語修飾。

I have waited ages.
Arthur practised weeks.

副詞賓語之外額外添加修飾語構成副詞短語。

Walter ran the entire distance.
He stayed a whole day.
I will forgive you this time.

在第一個句子中，副詞短語“the entire distance”像副詞一樣修飾動詞ran。這個短語是由名詞distance，其形容詞修飾語the和entire構成。

五、獨立主格

也可以用獨立主格修飾簡單謂語。獨立結構中的實詞與它的修飾語一起形成副詞短語。

The ship having arrived, we all embarked.
The bridge across the chasm being only a single tree trunk, we hesitated to attempt the passage.

在第一個句子中，副詞獨立短語“the ship having arrived”等同于副詞介詞短語“on the arrival of the ship”，并定義動詞embarked表達的行動時間。

六、間接賓語

簡單謂語還可以被間接賓語修飾。

He gave me a watch. [= He gave a watch to me.]
Tom told me the whole story. [= Tom told the whole story to me.]

這些句子中，間接賓語me，等同于介詞短語，是一個狀語修飾語。此外，目的服務（Objective of service）也是一個狀語修飾語。

七、同根賓語

簡單謂語還可以被同根賓語，或包含這種賓語的短語修飾。

The officer looked daggers at me [= looked at me angrily].
The shepherd sang a merry song [= sang merrily].
The skipper laughed a scornful laugh [= laughed scornfully].

第一個例句中，同根賓語（daggers）像副詞angrily一樣修飾謂語動詞（looked），因此它是一個狀語修飾詞。第二和第三個句子中，謂語動詞（sang，laughed）的修飾語是由同根賓語（song, laugh）和其修飾詞（a merry, a scornful）組成的副詞短語。